The 'immune system' can follow this advertisements using the 'T-Cells'. If those flags changes then is time to destroy the affected Cell..
“We had suspected that the diversity of mutations we see in tumour evolution would be reflected by the antigens present on the cancer cells – but until now we had no proof.”
Sources
New immunotherapy discovery could give treatments the precision they need - Cancer Research UK - Science blogClonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade | Science
